Choosing an alloy is the first engineering decision in any aluminum alloy die casting project, and it locks in more cost and performance than almost any choice made later. Теплопроводность, механическая прочность, and castability pull in different directions, and the alloy that wins on one axis rarely wins on all three. This guide compares the workhorse casting alloys (АЦП12, А380, А360, and AlSi10Mg) against each other and against 6061, so design engineers and technical buyers can shortlist the right material before quoting starts.
What “Хороший” Means in an Aluminum Die Casting Alloy
Every alloy selection is a trade among four questions. Can the alloy fill the mold completely (литейность)? Will the finished part survive its mechanical loads (сила)? Will it move heat where it needs to go (теплопроводность)? And can the whole package be produced at a unit cost your market accepts?
High-pressure die casting favors alloys with high silicon content, because silicon lowers the melting range and improves flow into thin walls. That same silicon, dissolved in the aluminum matrix, scatters heat-carrying electrons and reduces thermal conductivity. The practical consequence: the easiest alloys to cast are rarely the best heat conductors, and understanding where your application sits on that spectrum is the core of selection.
For a broader tour of the alloy families covered in this guide, см. наш overview of ADC12, А380, А360, and ENAC series alloys.
Теплопроводность: Moving Heat Out of the Casting
Thermal conductivity decides how quickly heat leaves an LED driver, a motor housing, or a battery plate. Among common casting alloys, conductivity falls as silicon and copper rise. А360, with roughly 9–10% silicon and minimal copper, conducts approximately 110–115 W/m·K in the as-cast state. ADC12 and A380, with more copper and broader impurity windows, sit lower, near 90–100 W/m·K.
Specialty low-silicon casting alloys move the ceiling much higher. Alloys such as AlSi10Mg (with controlled impurities) reach roughly 150 W/m·K, and dedicated high-conductivity die casting grades such as AlSi8, LHB1, and HA7-S can approach 200 W/m·K in production. Those grades matter most in LED luminaire housings and EV thermal plates, where every extra watt of conduction reduces junction temperature and extends service life.
Механическая прочность: А380, ADC12 and A360 Compared
On strength, the mainstream alloys are closer than marketing literature suggests. Typical as-cast tensile strength lands around 300–330 MPa for ADC12, А380, and A360 alike, with yield strengths in the 150–170 MPa band. Elongation stays in low single digits for all silicon-rich casting alloys, so parts should be designed to carry loads in compression and shear rather than relying on ductility.
The differences that do matter are second-order. A380 offers a good balance of strength and gap-filling ability, which is why it remains the default general-purpose alloy in North American specifications. A360 provides slightly better ductility and the best corrosion resistance of the group, which suits hydraulic and fluid-contact parts. ADC12 delivers strength at the lowest melt cost, which explains its dominance in Asian supply chains and high-volume consumer and telecom hardware.
Where a project needs genuinely higher strength, the answer is usually not a different casting alloy but added ribs, local thickening, or post-casting machining to critical dimensions. Наш quality control process verifies final dimensions on CMM equipment so those design allowances hold in production.
Литейность: Why Silicon Content Drives the Process
Castability is the quiet factor that decides whether a design can be produced at all. Silicon content above roughly 9% sharpens fluidity, reduces hot-tearing tendency, and shrinks the solidification range, all of which allow thinner walls, longer cores, and fewer porosity rejects. This is why ADC12 (9.6–12.0% И) and A413-family alloys fill complex LED housing geometries that low-silicon alloys cannot.
Copper improves strength and machinability but widens the freezing range and raises hot-tearing risk, so it is kept moderate in casting grades. Iron must be controlled in a narrow window: enough to resist die soldering, but not so much that it forms brittle platelets that cut fatigue life. These chemistry windows are why a supplier’s melt discipline, not just the nominal alloy name, determines the consistency of what you receive.
Where 6061 Fits — and Where It Doesn’t
6061 is the alloy most engineers know best, and its thermal conductivity of roughly 167 W/m·K (T6 temper) sets a familiar benchmark. Это, однако, a wrought alloy. It cannot be high-pressure die cast: its solidification range causes hot tearing, and its fluidity will not fill thin walls. When a 6061 property set is required, the manufacturing routes are extrusion plus machining, or specialized processes such as squeeze casting.
На практике, many teams specify 6061 out of habit when a die casting alloy would serve better. If the geometry is complex, the walls are thinner than 3 мм, or the annual volume exceeds a few thousand pieces, a casting alloy such as A360 or a high-conductivity casting grade typically reaches the thermal target at a lower piece cost. Наш full capability list covers both routes, so the process is chosen for the part rather than the other way around.
Alloy Selection Matrix for Common Applications
The table below condenses the trade-offs into a first-pass shortlist. Values are typical as-cast ranges; exact figures vary by heat and specification, and we confirm them with spectrometer analysis on every melt.
| Сплав | Key Elements | Теплопроводность (approx.) | Предел прочности (approx.) | Литейность | Типичное использование |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| АЦП12 | Si 9.6–12.0%, Cu 1.5–3.5% | ~90–100 W/m·K | ~310–330 МПа | Отличный | Consumer, телекоммуникации, general housings |
| А380 | Si 7.5–9.5%, Cu 3.0–4.0% | ~96–110 W/m·K | ~320–330 МПа | Очень хороший | General purpose, скобки, обложки |
| А360 | Si 9.0–10.0%, Cu ≤0.6% | ~110–115 W/m·K | ~310–320 МПа | Очень хороший | Fluid parts, corrosion-exposed housings |
| АлСи10Мг | Si 9.0–10.0%, Mg 0.2–0.45% | ~150 W/m·K | ~260–300 МПа | Хороший (tight chemistry control) | Светодиодные драйверы, thermal plates |
| 6061-Т6 (wrought) | Si 0.4–0.8%, Mg 0.8–1.2% | ~167 W/m·K | ~310 МПа | Not die castable | Extrusions, machined blocks |
Use it as a filter, not a verdict: the right answer depends on wall thickness, sealing requirements, and annual volume, which is exactly what a DFM review is for.
How We Support Alloy Decisions: DFM to Delivery
Alloy selection fails most often in the gap between drawing and die. We close that gap with a DFM review before tooling starts: our engineers check wall transitions, черновик, and fill sequence in Cast-Designer flow simulation, and flag cold-shut or shrink risks tied to the candidate alloy. For teams new to casting, that review happens alongside your development cycle rather than after it.
In production, melt discipline protects the properties you selected for. Our foundry runs a central melting and refining furnace, checks chemistry with a direct-reading spectrometer, verifies melt hydrogen with a density test, and repeats process chemistry checks every two hours. Raw material test reports ship with parts at no charge, so your incoming inspection can verify conductivity-relevant chemistry against the spec.
If you are weighing two alloys for a new housing or thermal plate, send us the drawing. A short DFM exchange, including a candid recommendation on where a cheaper alloy would quietly cost you more, is part of requesting a quote from our engineering team.
Часто задаваемые вопросы
Which aluminum die casting alloy has the best thermal conductivity?
Among mainstream grades, A360 leads at roughly 110–115 W/m·K, with ADC12 and A380 near 90–100 W/m·K. For applications that need more, specialty low-silicon casting grades such as AlSi10Mg (~150 W/m·K) and dedicated high-conductivity alloys like AlSi8, LHB1, и HA7-S (up to ~200 W/m·K) are die-castable options that approach wrought-alloy performance.
Is ADC12 stronger than A380?
They are nearly equivalent in typical as-cast strength (both roughly 310–330 MPa tensile). ADC12 usually edges slightly ahead in hardness, while A380 holds a small advantage in elongation and gap-filling. The practical choice usually follows the specification system your customer audits against: ASTM/ASTM-derived projects default to A380, and JIS-derived projects default to ADC12.
Can you die cast 6061 алюминий?
Нет. 6061 is a wrought alloy whose wide solidification range causes hot tearing and poor die filling in the high-pressure die casting process. If you need 6061-level conductivity or strength, the realistic routes are extrusion plus machining, squeeze casting, or a high-conductivity die casting alloy engineered to reach similar thermal performance with complex geometry.
How should I balance conductivity, сила, and castability?
Start from the failure mode that matters most: if the part overheats, prioritize conductivity and accept design changes that restore strength (ребра, филе, local thickening); if the part carries load, pick a proven structural grade and solve heat with geometry such as fins. Then check the geometry against castability limits before freezing the design — a DFM review with your casting partner catches conflicts while they are still cheap to fix.
